The emergence of large-scale distributed systems and the growing complexity of enterprise data ecosystems have triggered the need for innovative approaches to data management. Traditional centralized data lake and data warehouse architectures increasingly fail to meet the demand for agility, scalability, and data democratization. Data Mesh, proposed by Dehghani (2019), introduces a decentralized socio-technical paradigm where domain-driven ownership, self-serve data platforms, and federated governance shape modern enterprise data strategies. This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical study of Enterprise Data Mesh Architecture, exploring its conceptual foundations, structural components, operational principles, methodological implications, and organizational challenges. The study concludes with future research directions and recommendations for enterprises transitioning toward Data Mesh adoption.